Carburetor



Oct. 28, 1952 OLSON 2,615,694

CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 18, 1949 10 Sheets-Sheet l E. OLSON CARBURETOR Oct. 28, 1952 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Feb. 18, 1949 H15 ATTOQNEY:

/ N VEN7' Oct. 28, 1952 E. OLSON 2,615,694

CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 18, 1949 l0 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOQ.

H1; #7 Toe/v5 Ys Oct. 28, 1952 E. OLSON 2,615,694

CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 18, 1949 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 ma 1 7 I09 AA M21 /1 #5 7 #6 9710 ,1 M/ Z w I? j H15 qrran/vs YS Oct. 28, 1952 E. OLSON 2,615,694

CARBURETOR Filed Feb. 18, 1949 10 Sheets-Sheet 7 V/N vE/v-roe &*

E. OLSON CARBURETOR Oct. 28, 1952 10 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed Feb. 18, 1949 a (i 71; Z 4

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E. OLSON CARBURETOR Oct. 28, 1952 10 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Feb. 18, 1949 /N vE/v-roz WMM JJ H/s 47-702 NEYS 4 O 9 1 a m m a A? f m Q o s s a A T N w N H E O n 4 f V H d H N r f l J L" I S 6 4 f. H N m 5+ y w J w M w F\-\ r Y 0 m l 5 A I E C kw w, 0 f p 3 f 9 if; 4, /4 2 m a a 3 3 w J 1. B flv s, w 0 2 F x m w w v 0 m of the housing. I a

and operating inconjunction with passages proc arro v2 ir s Patented Oct. 28, 1952 CARBURETOR Elmer Olson, Rochester, N. Y., 'assignor to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a cor poration of Delaware Application February 18, 1949. Serial No. 77,097 18 Claims. (01. 26123) This invention relates to charge forming devices and more particularly to carburetors for automotive engines. I

Objects of this invention include the provision of a dual carburetor which is relatively short in stature and in which the accumulation of heat from the engine by the liquid fuel is substantially prevented. In the disclosed embodimentvof this invention, these objects are accomplished by a construction which includes a fuel bowl, a bowl housing and cover for the bowl and housing sup ported by the housing and supporting the bowl with its side walls spaced from the bowl. Air which enters horizontally at one end of the housing and into the space between the bowl and housing serves to minimize bowl temperature.

bowl and two secondary venturis provided .by

the housing, the axes of said venturis being in a vertical planeat right angles to the path of air entering the housing and to the axis of symmetry Means supported bythe bowl vided by the cover and housing supply f-uel for engine idling. Means supported by the bowl and operating in conjunction with means provided by the cover supply fuel to nozzles in the primary venturis for engine operation other than idling. During acceleration, a pump supported by the bowl and operated by means supported by the housing forces liquid fuel from nozzles which direct the liquid jets respectively against deflectors which effect more complete atomization of the ing drawings, wherein apreferred embodiment of the present invention is clearly shown.

In the drawings: 1 Fig. l is a top view of the carburetor and a portion of the cover broken away. v

Fig 2 is a side view looking in the direction Fig. 2A is a fragmentary sectional view on line 2A-2A of Fig. 3. Fig. 2B is a sectional view online 2B-2B of Fig. 6. i

Fig. 3 is a bottom view lookingin the direction of arrow 3 of Fig. 2. 1

Fig. 4 is a view of the side opposite to that shown in Fig. 2.

Figs. 5 and 6 are end views looking in the die rection, respectively, .of arrowsi and .6 of 4. Fig. '7 is a view on line 1--1 of Fig. 6. i Fig. 8 is aview'similar to Fig. '7, certain parts being omitted and the part in section being ,on

line 8-8 of Fig 15.

r Fig. 9 is a sectional view on line 979 Of Fi 4.

Fig. 9A is a view in the direction ofarrow 9A 1 of F '9rsh wine a afra me o the d s a stud 58. i 13 is a sectiona view on l ne ,9 -Qf; i ..9A-

Fig. 10 is a sectional view on line III-e10 of Fig. 1.

Fi 1 i a s i n l v ew on ine I 19! i ,1-

Fi 1A is a ew n the d ccti n srm ,HA of Fig.

i 11 1s a p a 'v o l ve 3 :Fis- 1s a se t on v on line L G-#1 of i .1

Fig. 11B is a sectional view on line l.lD--l 1B of Fig.6.

Fig. 12 is a plan view oi the fuel bowl. F g- 13 s a s d ew ooking .i the es ion f ar w s isv1.2- I

14 is a bottom view looking in the direction of. arrow M of Fig.. 13.

Fig. 15 is an enlarged sectional view on line i5--l-.5 of Fig-- 13, n Fig. 16 is an enlarged sectional view on lines [iii-l6 and lie-46a of Fig. 12. v

Fig. 17 is a sectional view on line il-.-I] .of

Fig. 14.

Fig. 1-8 is an enlarged sectional view on line |8l 8 of 12. v

Fi 181 an enla g d s i nal i on line 19?! of Fig. 12.

F 20 is an n arged s ct ona vi on tim 2.0-:20 of :Fig. 12.

Fig. 20A is ,a sectional view .on line M l-49A of Fig. 19.

Fig. 203 is a sectional view on line 2.0B-- 2 0B of Fig. 20.

Fig. 21 is a side view of a deflector shown in section in Fig. 20.

Figs. 22, ,23 and 24 are views looking respective.- ly in the direction of arrows 22, 23 and 24 of Fig. 21.

Fig. 25 is. a side view of the bowl housing as viewed in Fig. 4. v

Fig. 26 is a top view of the bowl housing as viewed in the direction of arrow 26 of Fig. 25.

Fig. 27. is a sectional view on line 2'l.2| .of Fig. 26.

Fig. 28 is a sectional view on line 28. 2B of Fig. 25.

'manner' with an air cleaner.

Fig. 29 is a sectional view on line 29-29 of Fig. 25.

Fig. 30 is a fragmentary sectional view on lines 30-30 of Figs. 1 and 26.

Fig. 31 is a sectional view on line 3|-3| of Fig. 32.

Fig. 32 is a bottom view of the bowl housing.

Fig. 33 is a view in the direction of arrow 33 of Fi 32.

Figs. 34 and 35 are sectional views on lines 34-34 and 35-35, respectively, of Fig. 32.

Fig. 36 is an underside view of the cover for the bowl and bowl housing.

Figs. 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 46, 47 and 48 are sectional views taken, respectively, on lines 31-3! 38-38, 39-39, 40-40, 4I-4I, 42-42, 43-43, 44-44, 46-46, 41-41 and 48-48 of Fig. 36.

Fig. 45 is a view in the direction of arrow 45 of Fig. 44.

Fig. 49 is a view in the direction of arrow 49 of Fig. 48.

Fig. 50 is a diagram of the carburetor.

Figs. 51, 52 and 53 are sectional views showing portions of Fig. 11 with modifications.

Fig. 54 is a view in the direction of arrow 54 of Fig. 53.

Fig. 55 is a sectional view showing portions of Fig. 11 with further modifications.

Fig. 56 is a view in the direction of arrow 56 of Fig. 55.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 3, the carburetor comprises a base I having holes II for receiving screws by which the carburetor is attached to the intake manifold of an engine. Base l0 forms a continuation of a housing I2 attached to the base by screws I3 (Fig. 2). Housing I2 encloses a fuel bowl I4 (Figs. 1 and 11) which is supported by a cover I5 which closes the openings in the upper sides of housing l2 and bowl l4. A gasket I6 seals the joint between housing I2, bowl I4 and cover l5. A tapped hole (Fig. 4) receives the end of a pipe connected with the outlet of a gasoline fuel pump. Through hole 20 fuel enters a bore 2| (Fig. 11) closed by a plug 22 which supports a tubular filterscreen 23. The fuel which passes the filter flows through vertical passage 24 and horizontal passage 25 (closed at one end by plug 26) to a valve seat member 2! screwed into the cover I5 and having hole 28 which may be closed by a float controlled valve 29 which gravitates against a lever 30 pivoted on a pin 3| supported by lugs 32 integral with cover l5. Lever 30 is connected with a float 33 connected by a yoke 34 with a float 35. An arm 36 of lever 30 engages a balance spring 31 whose 'ends are attached to U-clips 38 supported by lugs '45 is open at both ends and is located within the air inlet which is connected in any suitable In this way the float bowl is vented. I

1 The flow of air horizontally through the inlet 50 is under control by an unbalanced choke valve 5| whose fully open position 5| is shown by dotdash lines. Flow of air to the left through the 'inlet 5|! (Fig. 11) tends to open valve 5| but its opening is under control by an automatic choke controller. Valve 5| is attached to a shaft 52 journaled in bearings 52a, 52b provided by the housing |2 as shown in Fig. 9. Shaft 52 is attached tto a lever 53 located in a cup 54 provided by housing I2 and adapted to be engaged by the hook end 55 of a spiral, bi-metal thermostat 56 whose inner end 51 (Fig. 7) is connected with a central stud 58 provided by a disc 59 supported by flange 60 of cup 54 and retained therein by clips 6| attached by screws 62 to the cup. The disc 59 can be turned in order to vary the force which the thermostat 56 exerts, when cold, upon the lever 53. When located in the desired position of adjustment, the disc 59 is fixed by a clip 63 having teeth 64 which are received by spaces between teeth 65 at the periphery of the disc 59, said clip being secured in position by a screw 66 threaded into the cup 54. The amount of force which the thermostat 56 applies to lever 53 in cold weather is such as to bias the valve 5| to closed position. Action of the thermostat 56 to urge the valve 5| to closed position is opposed by means responsive to engine intake suction and comprising a piston I0 (Fig. 8) connected with lever 53 by a link II and movable in a cylinder 12 provided by cup 54. said cylinder being connected with the engine intake by passages provided by the carburetor, namely, passages I3, 14, 15, 16,11, l8, 19 (Figs. 32. 34, 35). Passage I9 (Figs. 3 and 11) is aligned with a passage in base l0 connected by groove 80a with fuel mixture passages 20I connected with the intake manifold when the carburetor Is installed.

The disc 59 (Fig. 9) has a centrally located threaded nipple 8| adapted to be connected by a pipe (not shown) with a device for heating air from the heat of the engine. The nipple BI is connected through passages 62a (between ribs 82 connecting stud 58 with disc 59) with the interior of cup 54, there being a baffle plate 93 supported by a disc 59 to prevent the flow of heated air directly to the thermostat 56. As piston l0 (Fig. 8) moves down under the action of the engine intake suction it uncovers grooves 84 which permit air sucked by the engine to pass around the piston I0 into the cylinder space below it and out through the passages 13-89 to the engine intake. As the temperature of the engine increases the thermostat 56 bends in such manner that the hook 55 (Fig. '7) moves clockwise, thereby relieving pressure on the lever 53 so that the choke valve is gradually opened as the engine temperature increases.

Air passes horizontally through the inlet 50 (Fig. 11) into the space between the bowl I4 and the housing |2. The air passing under the bowl I4 is split by a deflector (Fig. 11 and 26) into two streams represented by arrows 90a and 90b which flow into the secondary Venturis 9| provided by housing I2, as shown in Fig. 10. Venturis 9| are aligned with primary Venturis 92 integral with bowl I4 and having air inlets which are placed in communication with the air spaces between the bowl I4 and the housing I2 by recesses 93 provided by cover I5 (Fig. 10).

Each venturi 92 is provided at its lower end (Fig. 20) with a deflector 94 in the shape of a segment of a circle 94c (Fig. 24) and integral with a bracket 95 having a rivet shank 96 (Figs. 21, 22) which is passed through a hole 9'! in the venturi and riveted over at 98, thereby placing the deflector 94 part way across the lower end of the venturi 92.

The function of each deflector 94 is to cause an eddy current to occur beneath'it which causes the vfuel mixture in the secondary venturi ilI and in the outlet 20I to be more dense on the sides thereof closest to the deflector and less dense onthe sides thereof more remote from the deflector. Referring to Fig. 50, the fuel mixture would be more dense on the left handsides of the venturi SI and passage 20I than on the right hand sides. This. is. desirable for certain engines in order to obtain more equal distribution of fuel mixture by the manifold. Obviously the deflector can be located in any desired position at the bottom of the venturi 92 by locating the hole 91 (Fig. 20) in the proper position.

Into each venturi there extends a fuel nozzle member I which is closed at its upper endand is provided with a side opening IOI through which extends a rod I 02 attached to the nozzle. Opening I0I communicates with the passage I03 in member 100 connected with a main fuel well I04 i'nto'which there extends a tube I05 having a flange I06 received by counterbore I01 and having a key I08 received by a groove I09 whereby the tube I05 can be prevented from rotating and maintained in proper. position relative tov nozzle I00, as shownin Fig. 20. The lower portion H0 of the tube is deformed as shown in Fig. 203 and this portion has side holes I II, H2, II 3 and H4 which aresuccessively uncovered as the level of tube I05 is connected with the bowl by passages H5 and H6 (Figs. 18-20).

The main well I04 is a bore in bowl I4. It is closed-at the top by welltube H0 which provides the, series of air bleeds I H to I I4 which are successively uncovered as engine speed increases. Tube H0 is closed at its upper end by cover I5 which provides restriction II liwhich metersbleed air to the passages I.I ,I.-I I4. .The provision of passages for air to the main nozzle I00 has been simplified by providing a well tube which can be separately fabricated and dropped into the well. The function of rod I02 (Fig. 20) is tofcause liquid fuel which begins, during transition from idling to running to flow from passage IOI, to

flow along the. rod I02 toward the middle of the venturi 92 and not down the side wall thereof which it would not be in a desirable location for forming a fuel mixture with the air passing down through the venturi.

Each of the two wells I04 receives fuel from the .fuel ,inthewell I04 drops. The upper end of well bowl H which passes through a main metering orifice I in a plug HI and connected with a passage I22. Each of the two passages I22 is connected with a bore I23, threaded to receive a bushing I24 having a flange I25 which is screwed which closes a chamber I4I (Fig. 11), provided by 1 cover I5 and connected by passages I42 and I43 (Figs. 36 and 44) with passage 16 (Fig. .34) and hence with the engine intake manifold. When under part load, the engine suction is high and the diaphragm 140 will be held up against-the action of a spring I44 which surrounds a rod 145 connected with diaphragm I and with washers I46 and I41 between which the diaphragm is clamped. The edges of the diaphragm (are secured to the cover I5 by a cover I48 which screws 6 I49 attach to the cover 15. The cover I48 has a vent .150 and a guide sleeve I5I through which the rod extends. The lower end of the rod I carries a disc 152. The spring I44 is confined under compression between the disc I52 and-the :lower end of the guide I5I. When the throttle valves are opened to demand more power, before the engine speed can increase there will be. a decrease in engine suction whereupon the sprin I44 will be effective to move the disc I52 downwardly and cause the same to engage theupperend of valve I 30 (Figs. 11 and '18), thereby admitting a greater v proportion of liquid fuel to the fuelmixture. The

cross slots I25a (Fig. 18) in bushing I24 provide fuel passages particularly when disc l52-is close to the bushing flange I25. Fuel passing from recess I23is metered by orifice I in bushing I60a pressed into passage I 22 before plug I221). I I

. Each well I04 (Fig; 19) is connected-by hole I 6I with an idle well I62provided by bowl I4. Each well I62 receives an idle well tube I83 having a restricted opening I64 at its lower end and attached at its upper-end to a cap I65 having a it is closed; by

central opening I66 and a flange I61 received by a counterbore I68 in the bowl. As shown in Figs. 19 and 20A, each well tube I63 is connected with the fuel bowl by'passages I60 and an idle air bleed passage I10; and each passage-1691s connected through a metering orifice I1I (Fig. 48) with a passage 112 connected with a second idle air bleed passage 1121; and with a passage I12b connected with passages I13, I14 and11'5 in housing I2 (Fig. 33)? As shown in jFigs. .-2A and 50, passage H5 is connected with passage I16 in base I0. Passage I16 is connected by two passages I11 anterior to the throttle valve 200 when closed and by single passage I18 posterior thereto. Passage I18 is, controlled by needle valve I19 on the end of a screw I threaded in.

the base I0 and retained in desired position of adjustment by spring 161 confined under compression between base I0 and the head of the I w ll be. understood that ea h primary venturi is connected as described witha main well and an idle well and that each idle wellis connected as described with a fuel mixture passage 20I which is provided by ajbase 10 as shown n Fig. 10. Each passage 20I receives a thro tle Valve 200 mount d on a shaft'ZM sup ort d b thebase. o

Referring to Fig. .2,.shaf.t 202 is connected with a lever 203 having an opening 204.,fg'r making connections with .a link connected with the accelerator pedal which is spring actuated i 'ito normal p s t on in whi h th throttle valve wi be nearly closed or in engine idling position. The accelerator pedal restoring spring (not shown) urges lever 203 (Fig. 2) counterclockwise until a stop screw 205 engages a lug 2060f the base I0 or a stop screw 201 engages a cam surface 208 having parts such .as 208a,,208b; and 208c .at different distances from the center of rotation of a lever 2| 0 which provides the surface .208. 11 56: stop screws are threaded into lever 203 and each held in adjusted positio 'by a sp n .2 The lever 210 is pivotedon a sc ew 2 U threaded into base I0. A link 2L2 connects lever 210 with ;a plate 213 at 214. Plate .2 I3 (Fig .9. attached toa hub :2I 5 is loosely journaled on housing I2 and has a tail 2 I6 which engages a lug 2 [1 of a lever -2I8 connected with choke shaft 52 v-andretained fby screw 2 I0. Plate 2:I 3 tends to gravitate 260.111.

:tercloclswise (Fig. 2) andurees iinkxz zistoiihe left and lever 2| counterclockwise, said movement from position shown in Fig. 2 being pre- .vented, when the choke valve is closed, by the engagement of lug 2 I1 with tall 216 of plate 213. Lever 203' has a lug 220 for engaging lever 210. At normal engine operating temperatures, the idle position of throttle valves 200 is determined by the engagement of stop screw 205 with lug 205. When starting a cold engine it is desirable to have a relatively fast engine idling speed. The choke valve 5| being closed by thermostat 56, lever H0 is located as shown in Fig. 2 with the highest part 208a of cam surface 208 engaged by stop screw 201. Part 2000. is wide enough to be engaged by screw 201 although, after starting the engine, engine suction opens the choke a short distance. As engine temperature increases, the choke valve automatically opens; and, since lug 2|! is moved counterclockwise, plate 213 is released to move lever -2l0 counterclockwise to bring cam parts 208D and 208c of lesser radius into alignment with screw 201 so that the throttle valves will return to slower engine idling positions when the accelerator pedal is released.

In order to provide for de-choking 0r clearing out the carburetor by a full open movement of the throttle valves 200 while the engine is still cold or warming up and the choke valve 5| is still closed or nearly closed, the lever 203 is provided-with a lug 220 which engages lever 2 l0. As the lever 203 is moved clockwise to fully open the throttles 200, lever 210 and plate 213 and lever (Fig.6) journaled in a bearing provided by housing 12. 'Link 22l has a hook end adapted to be received by either one of three holes 224 of lever 222 so that the amount of movement imparted by lever 203 to lever 222 can be changed.

. Lever 223 is connected with a lever 225 (Fig. 6) adapted to engage the lug 226 (Fig. 11D) of a lever 221 which, as shown in Figs. 14 and 17, is attached to a shaft 228 journaledin bearings provided by a pump housing 229 which screws 230 attach to bowl l4. Shaft 22B is connected with a pinion 231 which, as shown in Fig. 11, engages a cylindrical rack 232 provided by a rod 233 which passes through washers 234a, 234b, 2340, 234d and a diaphragm 235 and is riveted over so that the diaphragm is clamped between the washers. The edge of diaphragm 235 provides a gasket between housing 229 and bowl I4, the space between the diaphragm and the bowl providing a fluid receiving chamber 236. A spring 231 urges the diaphragm into the position more remote from the bowl 14 as shown in Fig. 11. Washer 234a stops against housing 229 to limit expansion of spring 231 and washer 234d serves as a spring seat.

A torsion spring 240 (Figs. 14 and 1?), surrounding a portion of housing 229 and hearing at one end against the housing and, at the other end against the lever 225, urges this lever in a direction (counterclockwise in Fig. 11D) to cause pinion 23l to rotate counterclockwise (Fig. 11) and force the diaphragm 235 toward the bowl [4 to cause fuel to be expelled from the chamber 236. Action of spring 240 for this purpose is prevented by virtue of engagement of lug 226 of lever 221 with arm 225a of lever 225 which is held in the position shown in Fig. 11D by virtue return spring being stronger than spring 240. Spring 240 is in fully stressed condition when lever 221 is in fully cocked position (Fig. 11D) corresponding to full closed position of the throttle valves. Opening of the throttle valves releases spring 240 for action to force liquid from the chamber 236 and out through nozzles 251 (Fig. 14) through passages to be described. When the throttles are opened suddenly, the arm 22512 of lever 225 (Fig. 11D) engages lug 226 of lever 221 and moves it a short distance counterclockwise with greater rapidity than spring 240 alone could move it. Therefore spring 240 is assisted momentarily by direct mechanical action to effect initially a rapid squirting of fuel from the nozzles 231 so that the effect of rapid full opening of the throttle valves is to inject fuel rapidly at first and then more slowly as the spring 240 operates alone. The initial rapid squirt is desirable to initiate acceleration and the slower squirt to complete it without overriching the fuel mixture.

When the diaphragm moves down liquid fuel flows from the bowl through a filter screen 2 (Fig. 16), passage 242 in bowl [4 into a threaded bore 243 closed at its bottom by a plug 244 and receiving a valve seat bushing 245 supporting a ball check valve 246 retained by a rib 245a deformed from the bushing. Downward movement of the diaphragm causes a partial vacuum which must be filled by liquid fuel. Therefore, the fuel flows upwardly through the hole 241 in bushing 245 past the check valve 246 and into the upper part of recess 243 and thence through connecting passages 248 and 249 (Fig. 12) of bowl l4 and into the chamber 236. When the driver presses down on the accelerator pedal to increase speed, the diaphragm is caused to move up to squeeze out the fuel in the chamber which flows back to the upper end of bore 243, thereby closing the check valve 246 and then flowing upwardly through the passage 250 and lifting the relatively heavy check valve 25| and flowing along the flats 252 thereof to a cross passage 253 and down through passage 254 which, when pump housing 229 is assembled with bowl [4, communicates with a passage 255 in housing 229 as shown in Fig. 15. Passage 255 is connected with a manifold passage 256 connected with nozzles 251. Therefore, fuel is squirted from the nozzles in direction represented by dot-dash lines 260 in Figs. 13 and 14.

The fuel jets are aimed at rounded surface 2H at the entrances of the secondary venturis (Fig. 13). These surfaces direct the jets toward deflectors 262 (see also Figs. 13, 26 and 30). In Fig. 30, the dots :0 represent the targets of the jets upon the surfaces 26I and the lines y represent the fanning-out of the jets due to impingement upon the deflectors. Thus the fuel is spread out in a fan-like pattern in the paths of air currents represented by arrows a, 90b in Fig. 26. In this way the liquid fuel injected for acceleration is caused to mix rapidly with air so that smooth acceleration is provided.

One of the passages 20l (Fig. 2B) is connected by passages 210 and 2H with a tapped hole 212 in base I0 for making connection with a pipe connected with the engine suction controller of an ignition timer having means for controlling spark timing in response to engine load conditions.

Base l0 (Fig. 11) has a tapped hole 280 connected by passages 28! (Fig. 3) with passages 20L 91 Hole 280 is connected by a pipe with the windshield wiper.

In Fig. 50, which is a diagram of the carburetorexcept as to the choke control, certain parts are associated with vertical dot-dash lines marked with letters C to L, respectively. The location of these parts in Fig. lcan be found easily. by reference to ends of lead lines marked C to L, respectively. For example, in. Fig. 50, the main fuel wells are associated with lines F and K. In Fig. l, the ends of lead lines leading from F and K indicate, respectively, the location of. parts associated in Fig. 50 with vertical lines F and K: The primary venturis 92 (Fig. provide part' of the wall of the fuel bowlI l. During engine operation the refrigerating effect of vaporization of fuel in the primary venturis cools the bowl so.

that its temperature is less than that of the incoming air. It has been found that, when the engine stops, there is a drop in bowl temperature,

due to the lower temperature of the venturis=92 at the time the engine stopped, before temperature rises to environment temperature. The transfer of heat from the engine to the fuel bowl is practically negligible because the bowl is sup ported by the cover and the side and bottom walls of the bowl are exposed to air currents. The gaskets between the cover and bowlhousing and between the cover and bowl and betw the bowl and the base'retard passage of heat. The areas of the surfaces in contact with these gaskets are relatively small so as to retard conduction of heat. Even the bottom of the housing I2 is cored out at IZa, I21), I (Fig. 32) to restrict the area of contact between thehousing I2 and the gasket I2d (Fig-11 the bowls as would cause vapor look.

If the carburetor is used in climates where the incoming air temperature is continually high, it may be desirable to use additional means to pre- These factors contribute to pre-' vention of such accumulation of fuel vaporin 1'0 to the air inlet. Excess fuel would choke the] engine if the car were moving on .the level, down grade or a moderate up-grade. If thecar were moving on a steep up-grade, thefuel would runback into an air filter attached to the inlet .50 when it would become a fire hazard. To: avoid such possibilities, the bowl channel AI'andthe cover I5c provide a cage 320(Figs. 53 and 54) for a cork ball 32I which; on being liftedby. the

excess fuel, closes azhole 322 and thus blocks' escape of-fuel to the'vent pipe 45. The vent of the fuel bowl being blocked, the carburetor will soon cease to function and the engine will stop.

In the modifications shown in Figs.u.55'and 56, the fuel bowl I4 provides wells 330, one near each end ofchannel 4| which is closed-at itsends.

Each well 330 is connected with the bowl by slots. 33I and 332 andwith the channel II by .pas-- sage 333 in the cover Md. Thenormal fuellevel' in the bowl and wells 330 is indicated by line 335..= 1 When the fuel level becomes excessive, cork balls 336 in the wells 330 are lifted'to position"engag-- ing the cover and blocking thepassages 333 and.

preventing escape of excess fuel to the vent pipe The carburetor disclosed herein is particularly' adapted for mounting upon a V-type engine-sothat the center line of the carburetor, represented by line II-II of 'Fig-. l will be in the vertical.

vent accumulation of fuel vapor in the fuel bowl by providing forthe escape thereof to the surrounding atmosphere.

' Fig. 51 shows a modified form of cover l5a which has a housing 300. Housing 300 encloses a valve 302 carried by a bimetal blade 303 attached to the cover I5a at 334. Normally valve 302 engages a seat 305 surrounding a hole 306. When carburetor temperature'becomes abnormally high, blade 303 bends upwardly to openvent 306 so that fuel vapor can escape through hole 308 in cover I5a. Obviously some fuelvapor can escape through vent 45 to the air inlet before and after valve 302 rises.

If it is not desirable to allow an excessive amount of fuel vapor to pass to the air inlet 50.

blade 3I5 bends down to close hole 3 and to open hole 3I3 so that fuel vapor escapes only to the outsideand not to the air inlet 50.

In the event that the float valve 29 (Fig. 11)

failed to block the flow of fuel intothe bowl due, for example, to engagement withv a particle of foreign matter upon the valve seat, the fuel pump would continue to fill the bowl to overflowing and fuel would pass through channel 4| and vent pipe plane of the center line of the car. unit which extends-between the venturis 92 is on the longitudinal center line of the carburetor and 'car and is in the best position to determine fuel level above the main and powerorifi'ces; The

. float unit includes-the-two fioats 33 and 35 joi'ned by a yoke 34 throughwhich the power control rod I45 (Fig. 11) extends. In this way,'both the float unit and the rod I45 can be on the longitudinal center line of the carburetor. It is desir able that the rod I45 be thus located soa's to be in close proximity 'to the power control valve I30 which is on'the center line ofthe-bow'l'. The

main orifices I20 and the power orifices I60 (Fig;- 18) being near'thec'enter line of the bowl and the power valve I30 (Fig.1l) on'the' centerline' of the bowl, there is but slight variation in :the

pressure head offuel above these-orifices although the car may tilt traversely 'or longitudinally. I

- Themain wells I04 are also near the center of the bowl'so that tilting of the car has n'o-appreciable effect on operation as the carburetor:

All-mechanically articulated parts are carried by the housing IZor'the' base lflexceptas to levers 225 and 221 (FigJG). Although thepump is a part of the-bowl and cover assembly,'said assembly can be 'rmoved-from the housingw ith 5 out requiring the unfastening of a motiontransmitting device between the lever 222 (Fig; 2) and the pump shaft 228." One merely-removes the screws which attach the cover to-the housing and pulls theficover'fromthe housing. In-so doing; the lug- 226 of lever'22'I (Figs. fixand 11D);pulls. lever 225-.counter'clockwise (Fig. 11') .='3.I1d lever122l11 is free of lever 225. -When'pla'cingthe;cover-and., bowl assembly upon. the housing,*=the throttle lever 203 is first moved to full-open-throttle' po-i. sition so-that lug 225 of lever 1221 can be received between .thearmsof lever 225.

While the embodiment of thQ-peaHtaaaA; tion as herein disclosed, crmstitutesapreferred,

that other forms form, it. is to beunderstood might be adopted, I v What is claimed is as-follows: 1, A down-draft dual-carburetor comprising a The float fuel bowl, 9. housing enclosing the bowl and providing a horizontal air inlet passage at one end thereof, a cover closing an opening in the top wall of the housing and covering and supporting the bowl with its side and bottom walls spaced from the adjacent walls of the housing, said housing, bowl and cover being symmetrical with respect to a horizontal axis on which the air inlet is located, two closely spaced passages through the bottom wall of the housing and located on a center line at right angles to said axis of symmetry, two vertical venturis provided by the bowl in alignment with the said passages and providing portions of side walls of the bowl whichare recessed inwardly toward said axis, said bowl having a recess in its bottom wall and located on the axis and close to the center of the bowl and between the venturis, a power fuel valve unit including a valve seat member received by said recess and having an inlet passage for connection with the bowl and an outlet passage connected with said recess and including a valve member normally closing said inlet passage, main wells located respectively adjacent the venturis, branch passages in the bowl, each connecting the recess with a main well, power fuel-metering members in said passages, main fuel-metering members connecting the bowl with said passages between the power fuel-metering members and the main wells. nozzles connecting the main wells with the venturis, means supported by the cover and operating in response to decrease in engine suction for opening the power valve, means supported by the cover for conducting fuel to the bowl and for maintaining a certain level of fuel therein, passages for connecting the bowl space above the fuel level with the air inlet, passages for connecting said space with the main wells, throttle valves in said housing passages and controlling said passages, idle wells connected with the main wells, passages connected with the bowl space and connecting the idle wells with the housing passages and means operating in response to throttle opening movement for injecting fuel into air streams passing to the housing passages.

2. A carburetor according to claim 1 in which the means supported by the cover for conducting fuel to the bowl and for maintaining a certain level of fuel therein includes a valve and a float unit for controlling it, said float unit including a lever supported by the cover. a float member directly connected with the lever and located between the main wells and venturis, a yoke member attached to saidfloat member and a second float member attached to the yoke, said yoke providing for extension therethrough of aportion of the means for controlling the power fuel valve, the parts of the float unit being symmetrically disposed relative to the axis of symmetry.

3. A carburetor according to claim 1 in which there is a wedge-shaped wall extending upwardly from the bottom wall of the housing and into close proximity to the bowl, said wall splitting air passing from the inlet under the bowl into two streams which flow into the housing passages, in which the fuel injecting means includes two nozzles which extend between the venturis and direct jets of fuel against curved surfaces defining the entrances of the base passages from whence the jets are deflected into the air streams.

4. In a down-draft carburetor, the combination of a vertical venturi, means for directing air to the top thereof, a fuel well, means for supplying fuel to the well, means for admitting air thereto,

a nozzle communicating with the well and discharging fuel into the venturi, said nozzle being an inclined tube closed at its upper end and having a side opening close to the axis of the venturi, an inclined rod supported by the tube and ex tending downwardly across the interior of the tube and through the lower portion of the side opening and into the venturi passage, said rod terminating within said venturi at a point adjacent the axis thereof and providing a surface upon which fuel can flow rather than down the side wall of the venturi.

5. In a down-draft carburetor, the combination of a venturi, an intake passage into which the lower end of the venturi extends and having a space around the venturi tube, means for supplying fuel to the venturi, means for directing air to the entrance of the venturi, and a plate attached to the lower end of the venturi and extending part way across its exit in order to cause the formation of an eddy current underneath the plate whereby fuel mixture in the in take passage will be denser adjacent the side wall portion thereof closer to the plate than adjacent the side wall portion more remote from the plate.

6. In a carburetor, the combination comprising a fuel bowl, a housing enclosing the bowl, a cover supported by the housing and supporting the bowl, a venturi provided by the bowl, an intake passage provided by the housing, means supplying fuel to the venturi, means for directing air to the venturi, a throttle valve, a lever for moving it, and means for injecting fuel into the air flowing in the intake passage, said means including a pump supported by the fuel bowl and having a movable displacement member, a spring and a mechanism operated thereby for moving said member in the direction to inject fuel, a second lever connected with said mechanism and means for holding the lever in a pring cocking position preparatory to injection movement of the displacement member, said means including a third lever supported by the housing and connected with the throttle lever andhaving an arm engaging the second lever to hold it in spring cocking position when the throttle lever is being held in throttle closing position by the accelerator pedal return spring, said throttle lever being connected with the pedal when the carburetor is installed, said third lever having a second arm engageable with the second lever upon sudden throttle opening movement of the throttle lever, movement of the throttle valve to full open position so locating the third lever, that the bowl can be moved relative to the housing without interference between the third and second levers.

7. In a carburetor, the combination of a venturi, means for supplying fuel to the venturi, an air intake passage including a substantially flat wall adjacent the outlet of the venturi and a duct in alignment with the venturi, the mouth of said duct being defined by a convexly curved wall, means for injecting fuel into air passing toward said duct including a nozzle which directs a jet of fuelobliquely upona portion of said curved wall close to said flat wall whereby the jet begins to spread and a rib extending from said flat wall for intercepting the jet and deflecting it more nearly at right angles to said flat wall whereby the air flowing therealong is intercepted by a fanlike sheet of fuel spray.

8. In a carburetor, the combination of a fuel bowl, avertical venturi integral therewith, a well provided by a bore parallel to the venturi and closed at the bottom and open at the top, a nozzle 13 extending into the venturi and connected with the well through a 'side passage, a well-tube closing theupper end of the well and having its portion which extends below said side passage to thenozzle of kidney-like cross sectional shape defined by spaced walls which are respectively, outwardly convex and concave, the convex wall being'located' against the well wall and the concave wall facing toward the side passage to the nozzle, said concave wall having a series of airbleed holes vertically arranged, means provided by the bowl and well-tube to retain the latter in the position described, and a cover for the bowl for retaining the well-tube in the well and providing an air metering passage from the'bowl to the tube. i

9. In acarburetor, idlingfuel supply means comprising a'fuel bowl, an idle well provided by a vertical bore in a side wall of the bowl, a passage in the bowl for conductingfuel from the bowl to the well, a flanged tubular cap for closing the upper end of the well, a tube supported by and extending below the cap in the well, said tube being of substantially smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the well and providing a flowrestricting passage at its-lower end, said cap having a passage through it, a bowl cover which retains the cap upon the bovvlQan idle fuel-mixture passage provided by the cover'and connected with the well through the cap and well-tube and having air-bleed connection with the bowl, and other passages provided by the 13. In a carburetor, :the combination comprising afuel bowl, a cover-therefor, a housing sup-v porting the bowl and cover and having an air inlet duct for making connection with an air cleaner,- a fuel inlet to the bowl provided by, the cover, a float controlled valve controlling said in1et,vent ducts provided 'by the bowl and cover for connecting the bowl with the air inletpand means for preventing flow of fuel from the bowl through said: vent ducts to the air inlet in case th'efloat' valve fails to close properly and the. bowl is filled-to overflowing-andcomprising a well provided bythe bowl and connected withthe fuel spacetherein, a second float valve in said well and supported by the fuel therein, a valve seat provided bythecover againstwhich the 'second'float is raised by'excess fuel, said vent ducts provided by the bowl'and cover including passages through the upper end of the well and through the seat in the cover for the second valve. J

- 14:. A downdraft dual carburetorcomprising a constantlevel float chamber, a housing enclosing thefloat chamber and spaced therefrom to carburetor for connectingthe idle fuel-mixture ing'the bowl and cover and having an air inlet duct for makingconnection'with an air cleaner, a vent passage provided by the cover forconnect ing the bowl with the'air inlet of the-housing, asec'ond vent provided by the cover for connecting the bowl directly with atmosphere, a valve for controlling the second vent, and a bim'etalblade attached to the cover and carrying the valve and normally biasing the valve to close the second vent and operating at a predetermined high temperature to open the valve to permit escape of fuel vapor directly to atmosphere. 11. In a carburetor, the combination set forth in claim 10 further characterized by the provision of a second valve carried by the. blade, valve seat engageable by the second valve and included in a portion of the vent passageconnecting the bowl with the air inlet of the housing, said blade holding the second valve in open position when holding the first valve in" closed position and operatingito move the second valve toward closed position when opening the first valve. 3 v

12. In a carburetor, the combination comprising a fuel bowl, a cover therefor, a housing supporting the bowl and cover and having an air inlet vduct for making connection with 'a'nair cleaner, .a fuel inlet to the bowl provided by the'cover, a float controlled valve controlling said inlet, vent ducts provided by the bowl and cover for connecting the bowl with the air inlet, and means for preventing flow of fuel from the bowl through said vent ducts to the air inlet in case the float valve fails to close properly and provide for the passage'of air around said chamber, said housing having a horizontal air inlet passage at one end, andtwo parallel mixture outlet passages in the bottom of said housing below the float chamber, ashaft extending through both said mixture outlet passages at-a right angle to the axis of the air inlet passage and having two throttle valves thereon for controlling the flow of combustible mixture from the carburetor, two vertical primary Venturi tubes supported' by the float chamber so that they communicate with the air passage at their upper ends and with the mixture'outlet passages at their lower ends, secondary'Ventu'ri tubes formed in the mixture outlet passages into which the primary Venturitubes project along the axis thereof, a plurality of mainfuel wells one of which is associated with each of the primary venturisya fuel nozzle connecting each of the Wells with its associated primary Venturi tube, a single valve controlled fuel passage for supplying fuel from the float chamber to both I is connected with each of said main wells-so as to receivefuel therefrom. g

15 A downdraft dual carburetor comprising a constant level float chamber, a housing enclosing: the float chamber and spaced therefrom to provide'for the passage of air around said chamber, said housing having a horizontal air inlet passage at one .end, and two parallel mixture butlet'passages in the bottom of said housing below the float chamber, a shaft extending through both said mixture outlet passages at-a right angle to the axis of the air inlet. passage and having two throttle valves thereon for controlling the flow of combustible mixture from the carburetor, two vertical primary Venturi tubes supported by the float chamber so' that they communicatewith the air passage at theirupper ends and with the mixture outle't'passages at their lower ends, secondary Venturi tubes formed inthe mixture outlet passages into which the primary Venturi tubes project along the axis thereof, a plurality of main fuel wells one of which is associated with each of the primar? venturis, a fuel nozzle connecting each of the wells with its associated primary Venturi tube, a single valve controlled fuel passage for supplying fuel from the float chamber to both of said main wells, said valve controlled fuel passage having a suction operated valve therein which is operable upon a decrease in manifold suction to increase the size of the fuel passage and vice versa, a plurality of additional fuel passages for supplying fuel from the float chamber to said wells one of which is associated with each of said wells, means for supplying air to each of said wells above the fuel level therein and a plurality of idling fuel wells, one of which is connected with each of said main wells so as to receive fuel therefrom.

16. A downdraft dual carburetor comprising a constant level float chamber, a housing enclosing the float chamber and spaced therefrom to provide for the passage of air around said chamber, said housing having a horizontal air inlet passage at one end, and two parallel mixture outlet passages in the bottom of said housing below the float chamber, a shaft extending through both said mixture outlet passages at a right angle to the axis of the air inlet passage and having two throttle valves thereon for controlling the flow of combustible mixture from the carburetor, two vertical primary Venturi tubes supported by the float chamber so that they communicate with the air passage at their upper ends and with the mixture outlet passages at their lower ends, secondary Venturi tubes formed in the mixture outlet passages into which the primary Venturi tubes project along the axis thereof, a plurality of main fuel wells one of which is associated with each of the primary venturis, a fuel nozzle connecting each of the wells with its associated primary Venturi tube, a single valve controlled fuel passage for supplying fuel from the float chamber to both .of said main wells, a plurality of additional fuel passages of fixed area for supplying fuel from the :float chamber to said wells, one of which is asisociated with each of said wells, a valve operable :in response to variations in manifold suction in said valve controlled fuel passage, means for supplying air to each of said main wells above the fuel level therein, and a plurality of idling wells one of which is connected with each of said main wells so as to receive fuel therefrom.

17. A downdraft dual carburetor comprising a constant level float chamber, a housing enclosing the float chamber and spaced therefrom to provide for the passage of air aroundsaid chamber, said housing having a horizontal air inlet passage at one end, and two parallel mixture outlet passages in the bottom of said housing below the float chamber, a shaft extending through both said mixture outlet passages at a right angle to the axis of the air inlet passage and having two throttle valves thereon'for controlling the flow of combustible mixture from the carburetor, two vertical primary Venturi tubes supported by the float chamber so that they communicate with the air passage at their upper ends and with the mixture outlet passages at their lower ends, secondary Venturi tubes formed in the mixture outlet passages into which the primary Venturi tubes project along the axis thereof, a plurality of main fuel wells one of which is associated with each of the primary venturis, a fuel nozzle connecting each of the wells with its associated primary Venturi tube, a single valve controlled fuel passage for supplying fuel from the float chamber to both of said main wells, a plurality of additional fuel passages of fixed area for supplying fuel from the float chamber to said wells, one of which is associated with each of said wells, a valve operable in response to variations in manifold suc tion in said valve controlled fuel passage, means for supplying air to each of said main wells above the fuel level therein, means associated with each fuel well for progressively admitting an increasing quantity of air to pass from said wellinto its associated fuel nozzle upon lowering of the fuel level in said wells.

18. A downdraft dual carburetor comprising a constant level float chamber, a housing enclosing the float chamber and spaced therefrom to provide for the passage of air around said chamber, said housing having a horizontal air inlet passage at one end, and two parallel mixture outlet passages in the bottom of said housing below the float chamber, a shaft extending through both said mixture outlet passages at a right angle to the axis of the air inlet passage and having two throttle valves thereon for controlling the flow of combustible mixture from the carburetor, two vertical primary Venturi tubes supported by the float chamber so that they communicate with the air passage at their upper ends and with the mixture outlet passages at their lower ends, secondary Venturi tubes formed in the mixture outlet passages into which the primary Venturi tubes project along the axis thereof, a plurality of main fuel wells one of which is associated with each of the primary venturis, a fuel nozzle connecting each of the wells with its associated primary Venturi tube, a single valve controlled fuel passage for supplying fuel from the float chamber to both of said main wells, a plurality of additional fuel passages for supplying fuel from the float chamber to said wells one of which is associated with each of said wells, means for supplying air to each of said wells above the fuel level therein, a plurality of idling fuel wells, one of which is connected with each of said main wells so as to receive fuel therefrom, said main fuel Wells bein so arranged with respect to the float chamber and the volume of fuel therein that the gravity head effective to cause a flow of fuel from the fuel nozzle is substantially unchanged upon change in angle of inclination of the carburetor.

ELMER OLSON.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,453,390 Bessom May 1, .1923 2,127,444 Emerson Aug. 16. 1938 2,212,946 Mock et al. Aug. 27, 1940 2,327,300 Boller Aug. 17, 1843 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 1 233,788 Great Britain May 15, 1925 470,962 Great Britain Aug. 25, 1937 

